The strings are tensioned and tuned using wooden pegs. The ektara usually has a stretched single string, an animal skin over a head that is traditionally made of dried pumpkin/gourd or wood and a long fretless pole neck. The ektar is generally plucked with one finger although the instrument is also played using a bow. Like the gopichand, the ektara is a favoured string instrument of the wandering bards and minstrels of India, particularly the Bauls of Bengal. It is closely related to the gopichand and is also known as iktar, ektar, yaktaro gopichand, toombi and dotara. The ektara is a one or two stringed instrument that is most closely associated with the traditional music of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the Middle East. Today, the bowed psaltery is most often produced without chord accompaniment strings. Forerunners of the bowed psaltery include bowed lyres as well as bowed members of the zither family. It is normally played with a small bow that is often made in the earlier semicircular style rather than a modern concave violin bow. The soundboard has a sound-hole or rose in the center. The modern bowed psaltery is a psaltery in the traditional sense of a wooden soundbox with unstopped strings over the soundboard and it differs from the Mediæval plucked psaltery only in that its strings are arranged to permit bowing. Chromatic bowed psalteries have the sharps and flats on one side and the diatonic notes on the opposite. The bowed psaltery is an elongated triangular in shape which allows each string to extend a little farther than the one before it so that each string can be individually bowed. It is a relatively easy instrument to play. Bowed PsalteryĪ bowed psaltery is simply a psaltery that is played with a bow. An example of how the berimbau is played can be viewed here. It has a wonderful sound that invokes a feeling of rhythm, trance and depth. There as three main sounds one with the stone against the wire, another with the stone partially against the wire, and a third with the stone completely off the wire. You also need to position the bow in a way so that you can use the gourd for reverberation. You need to hold the bow and a coin or stone in one hand and in the other hand you hold the striker. Playing the berimbau can be quite a handful at first. The berimbau consists of a wooden bow, about 4 to 5 feet long (1.2 to 1.5 metres), with a steel string tightly strung and secured from one end of the bow to the other. The berimbau was eventually incorporated into the practice of the Afro-Brazilian martial art capoeira, where it commands how the capoeiristas (capoeira practitioners) move in the roda (circle). Its origin is generally accepted as being Africa as no indigenous Brazilian or European people use musical bows and very similar instruments are played in parts of southern Africa. The berimbau is a single-string Brazilian percussion instrument, a musical bow made from the biriba tree.
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